Development and application of one-step multiplex Real-Time PCR for detection of three main pathogens associated with bovine neonatal diarrhea.

Introduction: Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) is one of the most common diseases in calves, causing huge economic and productivity losses to the bovine industry worldwide. The main pathogens include bovine rotavirus (BRV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K99. Since multiple infectious agents can be involved in calf diarrhea, detecting each causative agent by traditional methods is laborious and expensive. Methods: In this study, we developed a one-step multiplex Real-Time PCR assay to simultaneously detect BRV, BCoV, and E. coli K99+. The assay performance on field samples was evaluated on 1100 rectal swabs of diseased cattle with diarrhea symptoms and compared with the conventional gel-based RT-PCR assay detect BRV, BCoV, and E. coli K99+. Results: The established assay could specifically detect the target pathogens without cross-reactivity with other pathogens. A single real-time PCR can detect ~1 copy/µL for each pathogen, and multiplex real-time PCR has a detection limit of 10 copies/µL. Reproducibility as measured by standard deviation and coefficient of variation were desirable. The triple real-time PCR method established in this study was compared with gel-based PT-PCR. Both methods are reasonably consistent, while the real-time PCR assay was more sensitive and could rapidly distinguish these three pathogens in one tube. Analysis of surveillance data showed that BRV and BCoV are major enteric viral pathogens accounting for calves' diarrhea in China. Discussion: The established assay has excellent specificity and sensitivity and was suitable for clinical application. The robustness and high-throughput performance of the developed assay make it a powerful tool in diagnostic applications and calf diarrhea research. ​.

Amino acids and flavonoids analysis reveals quality constituents difference among different albino tea resources.

Albino tea has attracted increased attention due to its unique flavor. To reveal the difference in key metabolites constituting the important quality of different tea resources, amino acids and flavonoids profiles in three albino resources with different degrees of albinism and one normal green variety were comprehensively investigated. K-means analysis revealed 35 amino acids were significantly enriched in 'Jibai', while 3 and 2 were specifically accumulated in 'Huangjinya' and 'Anjibaicha', respectively. Based on OPLS-DA models, 40, 31 and 45 significantly differential flavonoids were determined in 'Huangjinya', 'Anjibaicha' and 'Jibai' compared to 'Fudingdabaicha', and most were down-regulated. Among them, 10, 5 and 13 differential flavonoids were exclusively found in 'Huangjinya', 'Anjibaicha' and 'Jibai', respectively, which may contribute to unique quality for different resources. The differential flavonoids and amino acids involved in their metabolic pathways were obviously different among four resources, resulting in the difference in tea quality and flavor.

TiO2-modified two-dimensional composite of nitrogen-doped molybdenum trioxide nanosheets as a high-performance anode for lithium-ion batteries.

Nitrogen-doped molybdenum trioxide (MoO3/NC) has drawbacks such as volume expansion during long-term charging and discharging cycles, which severely limit its further application. This work proposes the addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) for performance improvement of MoO3/NC. TiO2 NPs embedded on the surface of a MoO3/NC nanosheet can alleviate its volume expansion and the accumulation of lithiated products and improve the conductivity of the electrode material. The results show that the MoO3/NC nanosheet decorated with TiO2 NPs (TiO2@MoO3/NC), when used as an electrode material, exhibited a discharge specific capacity of 419 mA h g-1 at a current density of 0.05 A g-1 and retained a discharge specific capacity of 517 mA h g-1 after 600 cycles at a current density of 1 A g-1.

Phospholipid-inspired alkoxylation induces crystallization and cellular uptake of luminescent COF nanocarriers.

The porous nature and structural variability of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) make them preferred for drug loading and delivery applications. However, most COF materials suffer from poor luminescent properties and inefficiency for cell uptake. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate the crucial role of long alkoxy chains in the synthesis of crystalline COF nanostructures with high cellular uptake efficiency. After luminescence integration through band engineering, the semiconducting COF exhibits an optical bandgap of 2.05 eV, an emission wavelength of 632 nm, a high quantum yield of 37 %, and excellent fluorescence stability (100 % at 3 h). Such excellent optical properties of the designed COF nanocarriers enable quantitative evaluations of cellular uptake and visual tracking of drug delivery. It was demonstrated that the cellular uptake efficiency was enhanced by orders of magnitude for the COF after the introduction of long n-octyloxy chains, which firstly delivered the anticancer camptothecin (CPT) to cell lysosomes, and then underwent "endo/lysosomal escape" to induce cell apoptosis. In vivo assay evidenced a significant enhancement in the therapeutic effect with a 96 % inhibition of tumor growth after 14 days of treatment. This progress sheds light on designing cutting-edge drug delivery nanosystems based on COF materials with integrated diagnostic and therapeutic functions.

A strategy for boosting photovoltaic performance based on a two-dimensional ZrSSe/HfSSe van der Waals heterostructure.

Identifying high-efficiency solar photovoltaic systems with two-dimensional (2D) materials is still an urgent challenge to meet modern energy requirements. Very recently, a 2D heterostructure with type-II band alignment has been confirmed to be more favorable for application in photoelectric conversion. However, the staggered band offset of 2D type-II heterostructures cannot always be guaranteed, nor the intrinsic hindrance mechanism of carrier recombination being clear. In this study, taking the emerging ZrSSe/HfSSe van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH) as a generic example, a boosting strategy for improving the photoelectric performances of 2D vdWHs is proposed. Through a series of in-depth systematic research studies based on first-principles, we demonstrate that via applying a vertical strain, an anticipated band alignment transition from type-I to favorable type-II of this ZrSSe/HfSSe vdWH can be induced due to the interfacial charge redistribution, during which a corresponding enlarged photocurrent can be detected from the latter based device compared to the former. Essentially, such enhanced photocurrent at the incident photon energy (Eph) around the band gap is attributed to the suppressed recombination rate of photoexcited carriers. Moreover, when Eph is increased into the visible light region, the photoelectric conversion performances can be further controlled by vertical strain. These generalized findings not only provide an effective manipulation strategy for enhancing the performances of 2D solar photovoltaic systems, but the intrinsic physical mechanism can also be extended to the next practical design and regulation of other 2D photovoltaic devices.

Exercise preference in stroke survivors: a concept analysis.

Background: Exercise preference in stroke survivors is related to their adherence to long-term rehabilitation regimen and functional recovery. Although explored recently, the term exercise preference still lacks a clear definition. Objective: The aim of this study is to conceptualize exercise preference in stroke survivors. Methods: The Walker and Avant method was applied as a framework for the conceptual analysis of exercise preference. Data from 34 publications were collected using seven databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and CBM) and applied in the analysis. The search period was from the inception of the database to April 30, 2023. Results: Exercise preference in stroke survivors was defined according to four attributes: priority of choice, behavioral tendency, affective priming, and patience in adherence. The common antecedents of the concept of exercise preference in stroke survivors were classified into patient-related, therapy-related, and environmental-related categories and the consequences were classified into three categories: patient-related, rehabilitation provider-related, and rehabilitation service system-related. Conclusion: Exercise preference in stroke survivors refers to the patient's choice, tendency, affective response, and attitude toward engagement in the recommended rehabilitation regimen. It is beneficial for understanding the essential attributes of exercise preference in stroke survivors by clarifying the concept. In addition, it will facilitate the development of instruments for assessing exercise preference in stroke survivors and the construction of theory-based intervention programs that can improve adherence to exercise rehabilitation.

Safety and efficacy of sequential treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background: The sequential anti-osteoporotic treatment for women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is important, but the order in which different types of drugs are used is confusing and controversial. Therefore, we performed a network meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of available sequential treatments to explore the most efficacious strategy for long-term management of osteoporosis. Methods: In this network meta-analysis, we searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to September 19, 2023 to identify randomised controlled trials comparing sequential treatments for women with PMO. The identified trials were screened by reading the title and abstract, and only randomised clinical trials involving sequential anti-osteoporotic treatments and reported relevant outcomes for PMO were included. The main outcomes included vertebral fracture risk, the percentage change in bone mineral density (BMD) in different body parts, and all safety indicators in the stage after switching treatment. A frequentist network meta-analysis was performed using the multivariate random effects method and evaluated using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Confidence in the Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) framework. This study is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42022360236. Findings: A total of 19 trials comprising 18,416 participants were included in the study. Five different sequential treatments were investigated as the main interventions and compared to the corresponding control groups. The intervention groups in this study comprised the following treatment switch protocols: switching from an anabolic agent (AB) to an anti-resorptive agent (AR) (ABtAR), transitioning from one AR to another AR (ARtAAR), shifting from an AR to an AB (ARtAB), switching from an AB to a combined treatment of AB and AR (ABtC), and transitioning from an AR to a combined treatment (ARtC). A significant reduction in the incidence of vertebral fractures was observed in ARtC, ABtAR and ARtAB in the second stage, and ARtC had the lowest incidence with 81.5% SUCRA. ARtAAR and ABtAR were two effective strategies for preventing fractures and improving BMD in other body parts. Especially, ARtAAR could improve total hip BMD with the highest 96.1% SUCRA, and ABtAR could decrease the risk of total fractures with the highest 94.3% SUCRA. Almost no difference was observed in safety outcomes in other comparisons. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that the ARtAAR and ABtAR strategy are the effective and safe sequential treatment for preventing fracture and improving BMD for PMO. ARtC is more effective in preventing vertebral fractures. Funding: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82170900, 81970762), the Hunan Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and the Hunan Province High-level Health Talents "225" Project.

Role of Ferroptosis in the Progression of COVID-19 and the Development of Long COVID.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the role of ferroptosis on the pathogenesis and progression of COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 127 patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19 were categorized into two groups according to the intensity of oxygen therapy (high-flow or low-flow). Clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, plasma markers, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) markers were measured at baseline and one or two weeks after treatment. Telephone follow-up was performed 3 months after discharge to assess long COVID. RESULTS: Patients receiving high-flow oxygen therapy had greater levels of neutrophils; D-dimer; C reactive protein; procalcitonin; plasma protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-17, and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4); and PBMC mRNA level of TNF-α; but had lower levels of lymphocytes and plasma glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). There were negative correlations of plasma GPX4 and cystine/glutamate transporter-11 (SLC7A11) with TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17, and positive correlations of ACSL4 with inflammatory markers in plasma and PBMCs. The plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and ACSL4 were significantly lower after treatment than at baseline, but there were higher post-treatment levels of lymphocytes, GPX4, and SLC7A11. Patients with long COVID had a lower baseline level of plasma SLC7A11. CONCLUSION: Ferroptosis is activated during the progression of COVID-19, and a low baseline level of a ferroptosis marker (SLC7A11) may indicate an increased risk for long COVID-19. Ferroptosis has potential as a clinical indicator of long COVID and as a therapeutic target.

Effect of blister blight disease caused by Exobasidium on tea quality.

Blister blight, as one of the most threatening and damaging disease worldwide, mainly infects young organs and tissues seriously affecting tea growth and quality. In this study, the spread of pathogen on tea leaves were examined by toluidine blue staining, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope analysis. The composition and abundance of fungal community on leaf tissues were firstly analyzed. Sensory evaluation and metabolites analysis indicated that diseased tea leaves had strong sweet taste and soluble sugars contributed significantly to the taste, while metabolites showing bitter and astringent taste (caffeine, catechins) were significantly decreased. According to the biological functions of differential metabolites, sugars including 7 monosaccharides (d-xylose, d-arabinose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, glucose, d-galactose and d-fructose), 2 disaccharide (sucrose and maltose) and 1 trisaccharide (raffinose) were the main differential sugars increased in content (>2 fold change), which was of great significance to sweet taste of diseased tea.

Red-Fluorescent Covalent Organic Framework Nanospheres for Trackable Anticancer Drug Delivery.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising drug carriers due to their structural variability, inherent porosity, and customizable functions. However, most COFs used in drug delivery suffer from low cellular bioavailability and poor luminescence properties. In this study, we designed a series of size-tunable, crystalline, and red-fluorescent COF nanospheres (COFNSs) for trackable anticancer drug delivery. The semiconducting COFNSs were prepared by condensations of 1,3,5-triformylbenzene (TFB) with various dihydrazide blocks through the Schiff-base reaction, resulting in red emission at 647 nm and excellent fluorescence stability (∼100% for 1 h). Such fluorescence property allowed for systematic investigation of the cellular endocytosis pathway of COFNSs, visualization of drug delivery, and observation of the cell apoptosis process. The COFNSs exhibited high cell viability (>90%), a loading capacity of 183 wt % for the anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT), and significant enhancement in inhibiting 4T1 cancers both in vitro and in vivo as the CPT nanocarrier. This progress presents a valuable approach to design COF nanocarriers with integrated fluorescent and drug delivery functions.

Metabolites profiling reveals the dynamic changes of non-volatiles in Pu-erh during Ganpu tea processing.

Ganpu is an unique tea product made by Pu-erh tea and citrus peel. In this study, the non-volatiles changes of Pu-erh during Ganpu tea processing were fully analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Total 276 significantly differential metabolites in Pu-erh during Ganpu processing were detected (P < 0.05, VIP > 1), and their change trend were clustered into 8 subclasses by K-means analysis. Metabolites of Pu-erh present at various processes were revealed. 72 differential metabolites (P < 0.05, VIP > 1 and fold change ≥2 or ≤0.5) between any two stages were identified and fixation was the key step with 61 differential metabolites. 39 flavonoids and 2 lignans and coumarins were significantly decreased after fixation, while 5 terpenoids, 3 amino acids, 1 organic acids, 2 nucleotides and derivatives and newly detected jasminoside A (Log2FC = 9.90), picrocrocin (Log2FC = 9.90) and nomilinic acid (Log2FC = 7.56) were significantly increased. The results provided valuable information about the effect of Ganpu processing on dynamic changes of non-volatiles in Pu-erh.

Pre-Configured Error Pattern Ordered Statistics Decoding for CRC-Polar Codes.

In this paper, we propose a pre-configured error pattern ordered statistics decoding (PEPOSD) algorithm and discuss its application to short cyclic redundancy check (CRC)-polar codes. Unlike the traditional OSD that changes the most reliable independent symbols, we regard the decoding process as testing the error patterns, like guessing random additive noise decoding (GRAND). Also, the pre-configurator referred from ordered reliability bits (ORB) GRAND can better control the range and testing order of EPs. An offline-online structure can accelerate the decoding process. Additionally, we also introduce two orders to optimize the search order for testing EPs. Compared with CRC-aided OSD and list decoding, PEPOSD can achieve a better trade-off between accuracy and complexity.

Flower-like porous BCN assembled by nanosheets for paclitaxel delivery.

Developing smart drug delivery systems has become a feasible solution to overcome the challenges in cancer chemotherapeutics. In this work, porous boron carbon nitride (ZBCN) nanomaterials with flower-like structures assembled with BCN nanosheets were synthesized by using ZIF-L as a template. The rich hydroxyl groups on the BCN surfaces make it highly dispersible and stable in aqueous solutions. Additionally, ZBCN exhibits stable photoluminescence properties that can be utilized for cellular uptake and tracking of drug delivery. Furthermore, the flower-like ZBCN structure contributes to a large specific surface area of up to 340 m2 g-1 and a pore volume of 1.03 cm3 g-1; and the presence of rich macropores results in a high drug loading capacity of 116 wt% for paclitaxel. In vitro and in vivo anticancer experiments demonstrated that ZBCN exhibits excellent performance in delivering anticancer drugs, with in vivo tumor inhibition of 58%. This study presents a novel template method for preparing porous BCN nanomaterials, offering a promising platform for high-performance anticancer drug delivery.

Facile synthesis of Bi2Se3/nitrogen-doped carbon dot nanoplates for aqueous zinc ion battery cathodes.

Bi2Se3 is a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs), but its limited capacity and poor cycling stability deter its further use in the development of AZIBs. To solve this issue, Bi2Se3/NCD composites have been synthesized via a simple two-step solvothermal method. The introduction of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) provides more active sites and makes the composite surface rich in functional groups, which facilitates contact with aqueous electrolytes. The results showed that Bi2Se3/NCDs improved the zinc storage properties of Bi2Se3 as a cathode material. The discharge specific capacity is 318 mA h g-1 at 0.1 A g-1. The cycling performance of Bi2Se3/NCDs was also relatively excellent compared to that of Bi2Se3. This work offers a productive and feasible strategy for metal chalcogenides (MCs) as cathode materials for AZIBs to improve the zinc storage capacity.

Metabolites and metagenomic analysis reveals the quality of Pu-erh "tea head".

Tea head, a derivative product of Pu-erh tea, are tight tea lumps formed during pile-fermentation. The aim of this study was to reveal the differences of quality-related metabolites and microbial communities between ripened Pu-erh tea (PE-21) and tea heads (CT-21). Compared with PE-21, CT-21 showed a more mellow and smooth taste with slight bitterness and astringency, and can withstand multiple infusions. Metabolites analysis indicated CT-21 had more abundant water-soluble substances (47.39%) and showed significant differences with PE-21 in the main compositions of amino acids, catechins and saccharides which contributed to the viscosity of tea liquor, mellow taste and the tight tea lumps formation. Microbial communities and COG annotation analysis revealed CT-21 had lower abundance of Bacteria (84.05%), and higher abundance of Eukaryota (15.10%), carbohydrate transport and metabolism (8.28%) and glycoside hydrolases (37.36%) compared with PE-21. The different microbial communities may cause metabolites changes, forming distinct flavor of Pu-erh.

Yes-associated protein inhibition ameliorates liver fibrosis and acute and chronic liver failure by decreasing ferroptosis and necroptosis.

Background/aims: This study aims to determine which cell death modes contribute most in the progression of cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), and to investigate whether Yes associated protein (YAP) affects the disease process by regulating cell death. Materials and methods: 30C57BL/6 male mice were divided into five groups: control, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis model, CCl4+verteporfin, CCl4+lipopolysaccharides (LPS) combined with the D-(+)-Galactosamine (LPS/D-GalN)-induced ACLF model, and ACLF + verteporfin. Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), hepatitis B virus (HBV) related liver cirrhosis or ACLF were enrolled. Histology, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot and ELISA were conducted to assess the roles of YAP and cell death in liver cirrhosis and ACLF, and to explore the effect of YAP inhibition on cell deaths. Results: YAP was markedly increased in mice with liver fibrosis and ACLF, along with ferroptosis and necroptosis. Furthermore, YAP inhibition significantly suppressed fibrosis in CCl4-mediated liver fibrosis and ACLF-associated liver injury. Notably, CCl4 induced up-regulation of ACSL4 and RIPK3 and down-regulation of SLC7A11, key factors in ferroptosis and necroptosis. This was significantly abrogated by verteporfin treatment. Similar changes in ferroptosis and necroptosis were found in ACLF and ACLF + verteporfin groups. Consistent with the above findings in mice, we found that plasma YAP levels were gradually increased with the development of HBV-related liver fibrosis and ACLF. Conclusion: Ferroptosis and necroptosis are involved in the development of liver cirrhosis and ACLF. Inhibition of YAP improved liver fibrosis and liver damage in ACLF through a reduction in ferroptosis and necroptosis. Our findings may help better understanding the role of YAP in liver fibrosis and ACLF.

Identification of Runs of Homozygosity Islands and Functional Variants in Wenchang Chicken.

Wenchang chickens, a native breed in the Hainan province of China, are famous for their meat quality and adaptability to tropical conditions. For effective management and conservation, in the present study, we systematically investigated the characteristics of genetic variations and runs of homozygosity (ROH) along the genome using re-sequenced whole-genome sequencing data from 235 Wenchang chickens. A total of 16,511,769 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 53,506 ROH segments were identified in all individuals, and the ROH of Wenchang chicken were mainly composed of short segments (0-1 megabases (Mb)). On average, 5.664% of the genome was located in ROH segments across the Wenchang chicken samples. According to several parameters, the genetic diversity of the Wenchang chicken was relatively high. The average inbreeding coefficient of Wenchang chickens based on FHOM, FGRM, and FROH was 0.060 ± 0.014, 0.561 ± 0.020, and 0.0566 ± 0.01, respectively. A total of 19 ROH islands containing 393 genes were detected on 9 different autosomes. Some of these genes were putatively associated with growth performance (AMY1a), stress resistance (THEMIS2, PIK3C2B), meat traits (MBTPS1, DLK1, and EPS8L2), and fat deposition (LANCL2, PPARγ). These findings provide a better understanding of the degree of inbreeding in Wenchang chickens and the hereditary basis of the characteristics shaped under selection. These results are valuable for the future breeding, conservation, and utilization of Wenchang and other chicken breeds.

New insights into muscularis macrophages in the gut: from their origin to therapeutic targeting.

Muscularis macrophages, as the most abundant immune cells in the intestinal muscularis externa, exhibit tissue protective phenotype in the steady state. Owing to tremendous advances in technology, we now know the fact that muscularis macrophages are a heterogeneous population of cells which could be divided into different functional subsets depending on their anatomic niches. There is emerging evidence showing that these subsets, through molecular interactions with their neighbours, take part in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes in the gut. In this review, we summarize recent progress (particularly over the past 4 years) on distribution, morphology, origin and functions of muscularis macrophages and, where possible, the characteristics of specific subsets in response to the microenvironment they occupy, with particular emphasis on their role in muscular inflammation. Furthermore, we also integrate their role in inflammation-related gastrointestinal disorders, such as post-operative ileus and diabetic gastroparesis, in order to propose future therapeutic strategies.

Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Effect of Two Alpine Foliar Diseases on the Non-Volatile and Volatile Metabolites of Tea.

Blister blight and small leaf spots are important alpine diseases that mainly attack tender tea leaves, affecting tea quality. However, there is limited information on the effect of these diseases on tea's non-volatile and volatile metabolites. Metabolomic analysis based on UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS, HPLC and GC/MS was used to reveal the characteristic chemical profiles of tea leaves infected with blister blight (BB) and small leaf spots (SS). Flavonoids and monolignols were non-volatile metabolites that were enriched and significantly changed. Six main monolignols involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were significantly induced in infected tea leaves. The accumulation of catechins, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (-)-epicatechin gallate, caffeine, amino acids and theanine were significantly decreased in both diseased tea leaves, while soluble sugar, (-)-epigallocatechin and phenol-ammonia were obviously increased. Among them, the amounts of sweet and umami-related soluble sugar, sucrose, amino acids and theanine were much higher in BB, while bitter and astringent taste-related catechins and derivatives were much higher in SS. Volatiles analysis showed that volatiles content in SS and BB was significantly decreased, and styrene was significantly induced in blister blight-infected tea leaves. The results indicate that the type and amount of volatiles were highly and differentially influenced by infection with the two alpine diseases.

[Prediction model of recurrence after parathyroidectomy in secondary hyperparathyroidism].

Objective:To quantitatively evaluate the risk of recurrence in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism after parathyroidectomy. Methods:The clinical data of 168 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy（PTX） from June 2017 to May 2019 were collected. The prediction model was constructed by using Akaike information criterion（AIC） to screen factors. A total of 158 patients treated with PTX from June 2019 to September 2021 were included in the validation set to conduct external validation of the model in three aspects of differentiation, consistency and clinical utility. Results:The prediction model we constructed includes different dialysis methods, ectopic parathyroid gland, the iPTH level at one day and one month after surgery, the number of excisional parathyroid and postoperative blood phosphorus. The C index of external validation of this model is 0.992 and the P value of the Calibration curve is 0.886[KG0.5mm]1. The decision curve analysis also shows that the evaluation effect of this model is perfect. Conclusion:The prediction model constructed in this study is useful for individualized prediction of recurrence after PTX in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.